Alertness(Edit)

• Long duration (.25--18 hrs)
• Mild
• Sectored or 360°
• In spite of physical exhaustion
• In spite of "RTB Syndrome" - The merriment of completing the mission
• Enemy TTP is to attack on the way back
• = Recreate somehow (e.g., after PT?)
• Response multi/varied
• Fire back
• No-fire scenarios
• Wave "Hi"
• "Zaa!"
• Sleep-deprivation
• Can it be practiced?
• = Maybe, but it certainly can be tested. People think they are better at staying awake than they think they are.
• Sit very comfortably, very bored, and stay awake by multiples of hours
• ~Make it fun
• Look at different stuff
• Talk about it w/guard-buddy
• Look at it w/different optics
• = "You just make yourself" - SGT Nowaczyk
• = "Some have natural limits of discipline." - SGT Nowaczyk
• = Mind games during PT (we can all get up once PVT Lumplump finds this needle in this haystack)
• = Distraction and Reaction
• Plays Sudoku, then has to respond to something physical
• Possibly plays Sudoku as a pair, with one guy writing and one guy verbally "steering" {See: Commo games}

Awareness(Edit)

• Many things going on at once
• Radio noise (=sometimes important)
• Physicality (=e.g., playing a sport)
• Looking for odd things
• 5 and 25 practice:
• "The second thing you're looking for is cover & concealment." - SGT Nowa
• Note: "Marksmanship" in the military sense has to include how good one is at OCOKA. Being able to hit something is only as good as the shooter can manage his microterrain.
• = Mess up something on someone's uniform, see how long it takes for everyone else to notice (1 minute = 1 squat?)

Scanning(Edit)

• Shoot, move, communicate, _sense_
• Prioritize
• Immediate sweep
• Detailed:
• Ridge lines
• Around obstacles
• Avenues of approach
• Everything else
• Verbal range card w/battle buddy
• Hold ground element vs Aggress element
• = Go somewhere and observe
• PX
• Food court
• Woods
• Company area
• Watch TV
• Count things
• First to spot X wearing Y doing Z
• "things out of the ordinary"
• A plant (such as Lumplump in disguise walking around)
• Let nothing be invisible.
• "Stalk" some pattern of life, such as where towed cars are going, or something... this is hard to explain.
• Night Scanning
• Off-center
• Scan patterns (FM 7-8, p2-61+)
• BTW, don't forget luminous tape with writing on it
• PAS-13
• Infrared (IR)
• C: TM 11-5855-316-10
• Range, clean air: ~1k, rainy: ~.5k
• Differences between B ("Big"), C ("Compact"), v123
• AN/PAS-13B = ...
• AN/PAS-13C(V)1 = LWTS (Light Weapon Thermal Sight) (M4/M136)
• AN/PAS-13C(V)2 = MWTS (Medium ...) (+M249/M240)
• AN/PAS-13C(V)3 = HWTS (Heavy ...) (+M2/Mk19/M107/M24)
• B: Battery installation:
• Not an ASIP battery, but close
• BA-5347/U (Lithium Manganese-Dioxide (LiMnO2))
• Reversible
• for sure Tongue-test
• "Off" = Remove Battery; but will go on Standby if left alone.
• On: Push Eye-cup (then wait for cool-down ~1-2min (Focal Plane Array stabilization))
• C: Battery installation:
• Cap = Lefty Loosie, Rightie Tightie
• Battery case key = Only goes in one way
• As-mounted, tits out on left
• Press, hold for >3 seconds (On or Off)
• Standby override (Eyecup) is more forgiving (Standby @ 120 sec.)
• Life:
• New batteries: 4.4 hrs
• 5 bars: 2.0
• 4 bars: 1.2
• 3 bars: 0.8
• 2 bars: 0.5
• 1 bar: 0.3
• When using, keep rail grabber down (easy to feel, saves reorienting)
• Emergency = Override Standby (continuously on regardless of eyecup)
• B: Top, front controls:
• Left = Contrast
• Middle = Emergency
• Right = Brightness
• Front-most Ring = Wide/Narrow Field of View
• Second Ring = Focus
• Must refocus after NFOV/WFOV change
• C:
• Left, back = On/off, tap to White Hot/Black Hot
• Right, back = WFOV(x 1.36)/WFOV(x 2.71)
• Middle, top = Mode & Function Switch
• Hold <2 Sec: Mode Switch (Operate->Emergency->Zero)
• Hold >2 Sec: Function Switch
• When in Operate Mode: (Contrast<->Display)
• When in Zero Mode: (Reticle->Contrast->Display)
• 5-Way Switch (D-Pad):
• Normally ("Contrast" state (see graph below)):
• - Up/Down = Brightness
• - Left/Right = Contrast
• - Push in = Auto reset & ROI selection:
• - ROI determines zone for auto-level/gain
• - Auto 1 = Center 1/9th box
• - Auto 2 = Horizontal 1/3rd box
• - Auto 3 = Whole screen
• Display State
• - Up/Down = Display Brightness (save power)
• - Left/Right = Reticle black/white
• Reticle State (only available in "Zero" mode)
• - Up/Down/Left/Right = Reticle Adjust
• - Push in = Reticle select
• Button above D-pad = FOV ("e-zoom")
• Front Ring = Focus
• Brightness/Contrast
• Constantly readjust
• Test on known human (or animal))
• But, keep in mind differences in distance, weather, etc.
• Zoom button on right
• Different from NFOV, not as good (but good for mil counting).
• Press and Hold for Reticle Change
• Know Mils of different reticles, + Mil-relation formula
• Below Zoom = Reticle Adjust
• Left Side = Black/White Hot (Not very important, white hot preferred)
• Display
• B:
• "NOT COOL WHT HOT"
• WFOV/NFOV/Zoom
• NFOV preview box
• Reticle name (top-right)
• Reticle adjustments
• - Left/Right; Up/Down (should probably be 0s)

C:

f p m s n

_ _

l | | g

l _._ g

l | | | g

l - - g

l b g

f = FOV & Reticle weapon; p = Polarity; m = Mode (Zero/Emer);

s = State (Reticle/Display/Contrast); n = Function;

l = manual Level; g = manual Gain; b = Battery

Corner box = NFOV Area Indicator

• Usage
• At least once every ten minutes. We have plenty of batteries.
• Pitch unwrapped batteries (SFC Neal: Better safe than sorry)
• Any time you see something suspicious with IR NODs. The contrast can be key (Martinez's 5)
• Keep NODs down at the same time.
• Recon III is colored
• Don't forget the NOD 3x Magnifier
• C: Takes AA's
• Range Estimation / Mil-Relation Formula
• = Make printouts:
• Formulas
• Optics specs
• 1000/x chart
• = Rotating Robot Presenter 5000
• Start by doing 1000/x drills
• 10 >= x >= 1
• 0 < x < 1 = "as hard as it gets"
• If you can't beat 'em, memorize 'em.
• Quiz for how people estimate range
• Shoot from the hip
• Jarhead ("take what you know, and multiply")
• Rangefinders
• Known-distance comparisons
• FBCB2, "T2 is 200m from me, so twice that is 400m"
• Shoot & Guess & Check
• Mention problem: how do you get better if you have no objective way of confirming your range? (Bad feedback loop)
• Intuition needs coaching
• + sometimes you have enough time to refine
• Motivation:
• Shooting: Graduated optic
• Moving: Time to a given point (Battle Drill 1/1A) ...
• Communication: Talking eyes onto a target
• Polar plot: Dis/Dir
• CFF corrections: OT Factor
• Range (Kilometers) = (width * 1000)/mils
• Use 1m for "width" and you'll make it easier.
• 1m is an E-type silhouette
• 1m is from your shoulder to your fingertip
• 1m is 39.37"
• Or, use 1.5m for standard half-stick:
• 5' = 1.5m
• King = 1.8m
• Mast = ~2m
• Rule of estimation: Keep it honest, and your ups can cancel your downs
• Discuss optic specs:
• Binos
• ACOG
• MGO
• You can find your own by comparing
• Offer printouts
• Finger method
• Drill w/whiteboard:
• E-types
• Full silhouette
• Door frame
• Cow
• Advanced (give permission to skip)
• Estimate width: Kilometers Range * mils = Meters Wide
• Estimate mils: Width / K-Range = Mils
• Hands-on portion:
• Put Meter-sticks everywhere, lead out for testing
• Use non-Meter objects for added difficulty
• Use PFC Daniels's (or Fister's) Rangefinder
• Land Nav:
• Know maps, be able to "see" the terrain
• Make a cardboard model, to actual scale (need a good ruler w/ 1/32")
• Reverse Land Nav:
• Record the series of points (PAUL ?) with dead reckoning
• Plot those on a blank overlay
• See if it coincides with reality when put on an actual map.

Mind (BT)(Edit)

• % Kim's Game
• +Cardio
• % Map memorization
• % People's faces/names
• Watch movies with complicated plots?
• % Foreign city/people names memorization
• OPORD presentation then later remembrance
• Describing things accurately while sleepy
• Language learning
• Read good war books (detailed, AAR-like, e.g., "We Were Soldiers...")
• Don't be like a baby scorpion, expending all poison on first contact and being unable to continue fighting for the whole deployment
• Observation: Ask about details from earlier, yesterday, last week, etc.
• Give good instructions (possibly about a task that seems obvious to you)
• Write collaborative documents (possibly a book?)
• Decision-making (``One of the things they teach you in Ranger school is to make a decision, even if it isn't the right one.'' -- SGT Nowaczyk)
• Knowing what you know (e.g., SGT Nowaczyk)
• Correspondence Courses (Together):
• Fighting Positions
• (Maths)
• First Aid

Communication(Edit)

• Stressed out
• Confused
• Still walking eyes onto the target
• Different kinds:
• POO
• Verbal Range Cards (!)
• Radio protocol
• Quickly knowing a list of what has to happen to accomplish X
• Also maintaining low-urgency tasks
• Formal (9-line or Call for Fire)
• Re: CFF: "Guard FIST" @ Ft. Drum, by USO
• = Games:
• Describe shapes on a card to someone else
• Try with sand-table instead (leader creates sand table with scenario on it, one "observer" (or observer team) creates SALUTE report and detailed description of the scene, leader destroys scene while observers have ~5-10min to describe it to the rest of the team. Now, the team's task is to go recreate the sand-table in as much detail as they can recall with no further clues).
• + Add stress / Physical surprises
• Working with non-native speakers (minimize miscommunication)
• = How to simulate?
• Clock Drills: walk in formation, one guy throws an object, and someone calls out the direction (distance multiplied maybe). Variation: Do it with everyone's eyes closed except one spotter, open eyes only after aiming.
• Know everything about our ASIPs, MBITRs, E.F. Johnsons, work-boxes, etc.
• Dryad Cipher / Matrix Coded Grid
• Chisolm Cards
• Needs elaboration

Fighting Positions(Edit)

• ``The only way a soldier can get killed is insufficient cover.''
• Create
• Snow
• Woods
• Urban
• Silently / Noise Discipline (even if very slow)
• With Class IV (Sandbags+)
• Without
• Destroy w/o trace
• Range Cards (DD Form 5517-R) and Terrain Sketches
• With enough data to call for fire (Tgt#s, dist/dir, etc.)
• Merging upwards (Individual -> Squad -> Platoon)
• Anticipate potential enemy positions (good for suppressive fire)
• Drill: From sleeping bag w/o boots or ACU top to full kit in position.

Observation test(Edit)

http://www.psychology.iastate.edu/faculty/gwells/theeyewitnesstest.html