First, the reason why all those certificate errors pop up is because you don't have this stuff:
(Note: There are specific instructions for Getting DOD Root Certificates working with Google Chrome under Linux.)
Second, a device to read your ID card is not that expensive, and it is the best way to log in. I have this CAC reader, which is available for $13, and it works fine.
Third, if you don't have that, then I recommend the following shortcuts, which use Bookmarklets. The three are used in sequence, and next thing you know you're in. You will have to modify them to include your username, password, and KBA answers, so it is only as secure as the computer you put it on. Probably only advanced users understand what that means, so please be careful and don't use them unless you are sure. Tested with Firefox and Google Chrome.
- Link 1: http://www.us.army.mil
- Link 2: javascript:(function(){acceptTermsOfUse();f=document.forms['login'];f.USER.value='my.ako.username';f.PASSWORD.value='mypassypassword';f.submit()})()
- Link 3: javascript:(function(){f=document.forms['theForm'];f.RESPONSE.value='What is your favorite hobby?|my favorite hobby^What is your favorite movie?|my favorite movie^What is your favorite type of music?|my music';f.submit()})()