Neanderthal Mitochondrial DNA(Edit)

- Supposedly had music, art, etc.

- DNA sequence shows not-human

x Neanderthal-time modern teeth in Asia

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-11618814

x Present in current genome - http://www.inewscatcher.com/2010/05/neanderthal-neanderthal-still-live-on-in-the-present-humans.html

Chromosomal Fusion(Edit)

- Humans, 23 pairs; Primates, 24 pairs

- ∴ fused

- Telomeres @ ends of chromosomes fuse two chromosomes together, yielding

a pair of centromeres (one inactive)

- Chromosome #2 is fused 114455823 to 114455848

- Telomeric duplication

x "Casey Luskin" rebuttal

Endogenous Retroviral DNA (E.R.V.)(Edit)

- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i1fGkFuHIu0#t=8m

- Virus deactivated, integrated into sperm DNA (which is then passed on)

- 4% of human DNA is viral DNA (human genome = 3 billion base-pairs long)

- "Independent validation of the phylo-genetic tree of evolution"

Summation(Edit)

- Evolutionary Ecology

- Paleontology

- Comparative Anatomy,

- Comparing, e.g.,

- brains of: parrots, hummingbirds, songbirds, humans

( http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-CvX_mD5weM#t=4m09s )

- Bones of human, cat, whale, horse, etc. appendages

- Subtle variations of BMP4 affect

- Embryology

- Organisms passing through stages characteristic of predecessors, e.g.:

- Humans having gill slits, tail

- Won't find non-mammalian that has nipples during development

- 'Wiki "protostome" or "cleavage embryo" and go from there.'

- Developmental Genetics

- pubmed.com - Nucleotide sequences

http://img227.imageshack.us/i/phylogenictreetf8.jpg/

- Metabolic "field guide"

- 16S typing, Jaccard's coefficient

( http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-CvX_mD5weM#t=7m20s )

- Mutation Studies

- Transmission Genetics,

- Population & Quantitative Genetics

- Fossil record

- Predicts that we will never find a poodle from the Permian layer

- Simpler lifeforms at lower strata, more complex at higher

- Strata vs. Relative depth (something creationists often confuse)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K11knFKqW4s#t=4m

- Pangaea + fossil pattern

- "Will never find a complex mammal fossil on an island, because the

continents broke up before mammals evolved"

Argument by Education Statistics:(Edit)

( http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-CvX_mD5weM#t=9m51s )

Atavisms(Edit)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K11knFKqW4s

- Mammals, birds can re-display reptile properties, but mammals-birds

never cross over + predicting (e.g., never find a half-bird, half-mammal)

- tails, extra nipples

Transitional Fossils:(Edit)

- Whales/Dolphins

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K12knFKqW4s#t=7m

- From 4-legged land mammals

- Nostrils moving up toward top

- Inner ear transitioning from land-tuned to water-tuned

- Hind-legs/Fins devolving/evolving

- Echolocation

Stuff to Think about(Edit)

"Evolution's Hall of Shame" - Some goofy stuff, but some potent stuff.